O acesso à prótese dentária na atenção primária no Brasil / Access to dental prosthesis in primary care in Brazil / Acceso a prótesis dental en atención primaria en Brasil

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o acesso à prótese dentária na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) no Brasil. É um estudo transversal, em que foram utilizados dados do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), segundo e terceiro ciclos, com enfoque em saúde bucal e atendimento à prótese dentária por estado brasileiro. Ao comparar as Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) que fazem instalações de prótese nos dois ciclos de avaliação, foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa (teste Mann Whitney, p = 0,04), mostrando maior número de instalações no terceiro ciclo. O percentual de UBS que instalavam prótese dentária no segundo ciclo foi de 8,4% e no terceiro ciclo, 14,1%. Ao se avaliar os locais em que os pacientes fizeram a prótese dentária, verifica-se que a maioria fez suas próteses no serviço privado. Conclui-se, então, que a APS não consegue suprir a demanda por prótese dentária.

This cross-sectional study evaluates access to dental prosthesis in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil. Data were obtained from the Access and Quality Improvement Program (PMAQ-AB), second and third cycles, focusing on oral health and dental care provided by the Brazilian State. Comparison of the Basic Health Units (BHU) that perform prosthesis installations in the two evaluation cycles (Mann Whitney test, p = 0.04) revealed a statistically significant difference, showing a greater number of installations in the third cycle. In the second and third cycles 8.4% and 14.1% of UBS, respectively, installed dental prostheses. When evaluating where patients acquired their dental prosthesis, most sought the private service. In conclusion, PHC cannot meet the demand for dental prosthesis.

Este artículo tuvo por objetivo evaluar el acceso a las prótesis dentales en la atención primaria de salud (APS) en Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal que utiliza datos del Programa de Mejoramiento del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Primaria (PMAQ-AB, por sus siglas en portugués), segundo y tercer ciclo, con foco en salud bucal y atención con prótesis dental por estado brasileño. Al comparar las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS) que instalan prótesis en los dos ciclos de evaluación, se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa (prueba de Mann Whitney, p = 0,04), con un mayor número de instalaciones en el tercer ciclo. El 8,4% de las UBS instalaron prótesis dental en el segundo ciclo, y el 14,1% en el tercer ciclo. En cuanto a los locales donde los pacientes hicieron su prótesis dental, la mayoría fue realizada por el servicio privado. Se concluye que la APS no logra satisfacer la demanda de prótesis dentales.

Healing of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis by Non-Thermal Plasma: Pilot Study.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common disease in the oral cavity characterized by recurrent ulcers (RU). Usually, these cause acute pain without definitive treatment. The present study determines the efficacy of non-thermal plasma (NTP) for treating RU. NTP is applied to the patient's RU using a radiofrequency generator connected to a point reactor. The power density applied to the ulcer is 0.50 W/cm2, less than 4 W/cm2, which is the maximum value without biological risk. Each patient received two treatments of three minutes each and spaced 60 min apart at a distance of 5 mm from the RU. From a sample of 30 ulcers in patients treated for RU with an average age of 37 years, they stated that the pain decreased considerably and without the need for ingestion of analgesics and antibiotics. Regeneration took place in an average of three days. The NTP proved to be an excellent therapeutic alternative for the treatment of RU since it has a rapid effect of reducing pain and inflammation, as well as adequate tissue regeneration.

Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com necessidades especiais em Sergipe / Epidemiological profile of patients with special needs in Sergipe

Introdução:No Brasil, em 2010, aproximadamente 24% da população apresentava algum tipo de deficiência e 25% da população no estado de Sergipe. Devido a tal demanda, em 2004, foi criada a Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal que, entre outras, foi instituída o atendimento em nível secundário em saúde para as Pessoas com Deficiência (PD). Objetivo:Verificar o perfil das PD atendidas no Centro de Especialidades Odontológicos (CEO) de São Cristóvão/SE e os procedimentos odontológicos mais realizados. Materiais e métodos:Para tal, foram analisados os prontuários dos PD atendidos no período de janeiro de 2019 até setembro de 2022. Resultados:Foi verificado que houve atendimento em 2019 de 101 pacientes, 2020 de 71 pacientes, 2021 em 33 pacientes e, em 2022, 87 pacientes. Acidade de origem dos PD é em 68,7 % do município sede do CEO (São Cristóvão). Sobre o diagnóstico dos pacientes, os mais prevalecentes foram autismo (10%), seguido de síndrome de Down (4%) e paralisia cerebral (4%). Do total de procedimentos realizados, 160 ATF (Aplicação Tópica de Flúor), seguido por 148 profilaxias, 116 adequações do meio bucal, 138 exodontias, 98 restaurações com resina, 58 restaurações com amálgama, 111 atendimentos de periodontia (raspagem e alisamento radicular) e 45 orientações de higiene oral. Conclusões: Diante dos dados, observou-se que o CEO de São Cristóvão se comporta com predomínio de atendimentos de seus munícipes e ainda há alta prevalência de atendimento de exodontias.

O impacto do isolamento social no ensino a distância em cursos da área de saúde / The impact of social isolation on distance learning in healthcare courses

Resumo Introdução O conceito de qualidade de vida é multidimensional, apresenta uma organização complexa e dinâmica dos seus componentes, difere de pessoa para pessoa de acordo com seu ambiente/contexto e mesmo entre duas pessoas inseridas em um contexto similar. Em dezembro de 2019 surgiu na China uma epidemia pelo coronavírus, surgindo a necessidade de mudanças, incluindo isolamento social e ensino a distância. Objetivo Avaliar o impacto do isolamento social e ensino a distância na qualidade de vida dos graduandos da área da saúde da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Material e método Foi aplicado aos estudantes de graduação da área de saúde da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, no período de janeiro de 2021, o questionário de qualidade de vida, Short-Form Health Survey. O questionário foi aplicado via o sistema online. Resultado Foram aplicados 678 questionários, sendo 672 concordando em participar do estudo. Dos estudantes avaliados, 58% eram do sexo feminino e 50% com idade de 21 a 25 anos. Ao se analisar o questionário, verifica-se que para capacidade funcional os valores variaram de 80 a 89, ou seja, com bom escore de qualidade de vida. Os aspectos emocionais apresentaram os menores escores e 21 a 37,3, sendo o pior resultado encontrado nos estudantes do curso de fonoaudiologia. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os diferentes cursos de saúde estudados. Conclusão Verifica-se que o aspecto emocional tem sido o mais afetado entre os estudantes de saúde da Universidade Federal de Sergipe.

Abstract Introduction The concept of quality of life is multidimensional, presents a complex and dynamic organization of its components, and differs from person to person according to the environment/context and even between two people in a similar context. In December 2019, a Coronavirus epidemic emerged in China, aiming to make some changes, including social isolation and distance learning. Objective Evaluate the impact of social isolation and distance learning on the quality of life of undergraduates in the health area at the Federal University of Sergipe. Material and method The quality of life questionnaire, Short-Form Health Survey, was applied to undergraduate students in the health area at the Federal University of Sergipe in January 2021. The questionnaire was applied online. Result 678 questionnaires were applied, with 672 agreeing to participate in the study. According to the evaluated students, 58% were female and 50% were aged from 21 to 25 years. When analyzing the questionnaire, it appears that the values ​​ranged from 80 to 89 for functional capacity, with a good quality of life score. Emotional aspects had the lowest scores from 21 to 37.3, the worst result in speech therapy students. There was no statistically significant difference between the different health courses studied. Conclusion It appears that the emotional aspect has been the most affected among health students at the Federal University of Sergipe.

Trends of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years of oral cancer in Latin America.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the trend in incidence, mortality and Disability Adjusted Life Years of oral cancer in Latin America according to sex between 2000 and 2020. METHODS: This ecological study extracted oral cancer information from 20 Latin American countries from the GBD-2020 database. Oral cancer burden was described by age-standardized rate (ASR) of incidence, mortality, and DALYs. The data was compared according to sex and countries. Trends (Average Annual Percentage Change-AAPC) were estimated for each indicator, sex, and country between 2000 and 2020 using Joint-point software. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2020, the highest incidence of oral cancer (ASR) occurred in Cuba (5.18), Brazil (4.38) and Uruguay (4.62). The countries with the highest mortality for both sexes were (ASR): Cuba (2.89), Brazil (2.71) and the Dominican Republic (2.58). The DALYs registered an average of 37.52 (Women: 22.39; Men: 52.62). The Dominican Republic reports increasing trends in incidence (AAPC: Men: 2.2; Women: 1.4), in mortality (AAPC: Men: 1.8; Women: 1.1), and in DALYs (AAPC: Men: 1.0; Women: 2.0). Costa Rica shows decreasing trends in men in incidence (AAPC: -1.3), mortality (AAPC: -1.6), and DALYs (AAPC: -1.8). CONCLUSION: Oral cancer shows increasing trends in: the incidence in both sexes in 10 countries, in mortality and DALYs in 6 countries, while the affectation between sexes does not show differences in trends.

Level of Satisfaction and Quality of Life of Caregivers of People with Disabilities in Secondary Dental Care

Abstract Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) of caregivers of Patients with Special Needs seen at the Dental Specialties Center in Aracaju, Brazil. Material and Methods: The Program for Primary Care Access and Quality Improvement (PMAQ - DSC) and the World Health Organization's Quality of Life - Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires were applied to PSN and caregivers. Results: The PMAQ questionnaire was applied to 31 patients or caregivers; 97% had no paid work and 61% used public transportation to reach the Dental Specialties Center. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was applied to 20 caregivers; 60% considered their life to be good; however, 60% had practically no leisure time. Correlation tests (Pearson's coefficient) showed a statistically significant correlation between the physical and psychological domain (p=0.02; r=0.64), the psychological and social domain (p=0.033; r=0.48), and the psychological and environment domain (p<0.001; r=0.80). Conclusion: The caregivers and patients with special needs felt satisfied with the specialized oral health service offered by the municipality. Concerning the quality of life of caregivers, the majority stated they had a good quality of life, despite not having the opportunity to participate in leisure-oriented activities and often having negative feelings.

Trends of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years of oral cancer in Latin America / Tendencia de la incidencia, mortalidad y años de vida ajustados por discapacidad del cáncer oral en América Latina

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the trend in incidence, mortality and Disability Adjusted Life Years of oral cancer in Latin America according to sex between 2000 and 2020. Methods: This ecological study extracted oral cancer information from 20 Latin American countries from the GBD-2020 database. Oral cancer burden was described by age-standardized rate (ASR) of incidence, mortality, and DALYs. The data was compared according to sex and countries. Trends (Average Annual Percentage Change-AAPC) were estimated for each indicator, sex, and country between 2000 and 2020 using Joint-point software. Results: Between 2000 and 2020, the highest incidence of oral cancer (ASR) occurred in Cuba (5.18), Brazil (4.38) and Uruguay (4.62). The countries with the highest mortality for both sexes were (ASR): Cuba (2.89), Brazil (2.71) and the Dominican Republic (2.58). The DALYs registered an average of 37.52 (Women: 22.39; Men: 52.62). The Dominican Republic reports increasing trends in incidence (AAPC: Men: 2.2; Women: 1.4), in mortality (AAPC: Men: 1.8; Women: 1.1), and in DALYs (AAPC: Men: 1.0; Women: 2.0). Costa Rica shows decreasing trends in men in incidence (AAPC: −1.3), mortality (AAPC: −1.6), and DALYs (AAPC: −1.8). Conclusion: Oral cancer shows increasing trends in: the incidence in both sexes in 10 countries, in mortality and DALYs in 6 countries, while the affectation between sexes does not show differences in trends.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la tendencia de la incidencia, mortalidad y los Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad del cáncer oral en América Latina según género entre los años 2000 y 2020. Métodos: Este estudio ecológico extrajo información del cáncer oral de 20 países de América Latina de la base de datos GBD-2020. La carga del cáncer oral se describió según tasa estandarizada por edad (ASR) de incidencia, mortalidad y AVAD. Se estimaron las tendencias (Promedio de cambio porcentual anual — AAPC) en cada indicador, género y país, entre el 2000 y el 2020 usando el software Joint-point. Resultados: Entre 2000 y 2020, la mayor incidencia de cáncer oral (ASR) se presentó en Cuba (5,18), Brasil (4,38) y Uruguay (4,62). Los países con mayor mortalidad para ambos géneros fueron: Cuba (2,89), Brasil (2,71) y República Dominicana (2,58). Los AVAD registraron un promedio de 37,52 (Mujeres: 22,39; Hombres: 52,62). República Dominicana reporta tendencias crecientes en la incidencia (AAPC: Hombres: 2,2; Mujeres: 1,4), en la mortalidad (AAPC: Hombres: 1,8; Mujeres: 1,1), y en los AVAD (AAPC: Hombres: 1,0; Mujeres: 2,0). Costa Rica muestra tendencias decrecientes en los hombres en incidencia (AAPC: −1,3), mortalidad (AAPC: −1,6) y AVAD (AAPC: −1,8). Conclusiones: El cáncer oral muestra tendencias al aumento en: la incidencia en ambos sexos en 10 países, en la mortalidad y los AVAD en 6 países, mientras la afectación entre sexos no muestra diferencias en las tendencias.

Tendências de Mortalidade por Câncer Bucal no Brasil por Regiões e Principais Fatores de Risco / Trends in Oral Cancer Mortality in Brazil by Region and main Risk Factors / Tendencias de la Mortalidad por Cáncer Bucal en Brasil por Región y Principales Factores de Riesgo

Introdução: O câncer bucal ainda é destacado como preocupante problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Verificar a tendência de mortalidade por câncer bucal por Região brasileira e fatores de risco, avaliando o intervalo de tempo entre o diagnóstico e o tratamento. Método: Estudo com dados secundários do DATASUS (taxa de mortalidade e tempo para tratamento) e do Vigitel (consumo de álcool e cigarro); análises de séries temporais e correlações entre taxas de mortalidade (2010-2019) e consumo de álcool e cigarro (2010-2019), para idade superior a 40 anos, e análise descritiva do tempo entre diagnóstico e tratamento. Resultados: Houve aumento da tendência de câncer bucal por Regiões e sexo, com predominância para o sexo masculino. A variação percentual anual (VPA) da ingestão de álcool e o uso de cigarro foram considerados estacionários na maioria das Regiões analisadas. Ao correlacionar as variáveis, verificou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre taxa de mortalidade (2010-2019) e percentual de consumo de álcool (p=0,011; r=0,957), percentual de consumo de cigarro (p=0,019; r=0,936) e taxa bruta de mortalidade em homens (2019) (p=0,005; r=0,97). Verificou-se que, na maioria dos casos (74%), o tempo para início do tratamento é de mais de 60 dias. Conclusão: Embora o consumo de álcool e o tabagismo sejam fatores de risco para o câncer bucal, o presente estudo concluiu que houve aumento da mortalidade por câncer e os fatores de risco analisados permaneceram estacionários. O início de tratamento foi maior do que 60 dias a partir do diagnóstico. Palavras-chave: neoplasias bucais/mortalidade; tabagismo; consumo de bebida alcoólica; estudos de séries temporais; saúde pública

Introduction: Oral cancer still stands out as a concerning public health issue. Objective: Verify the trend of oral cancer mortality by Brazilian regions and risk factors, evaluating the time interval between diagnosis and treatment. Method: Study with secondary data from DATASUS (mortality rate and time to treatment) and Vigitel (alcohol and cigarette use). Time series analyzes and correlations were performed among mortality rates (2010-2019) and alcohol and cigarette use (2010-2019) for over 40 years of age. Descriptive analysis of the time between diagnosis and treatment was also performed. Results: There was an increase in the tendency to oral cancer by region and sex, with a predominance of males. The annual percentage change (APC) of alcohol intake and cigarette use was considered stationary in most regions analyzed. When correlating the variables, there was a statistically significant correlation for mortality rate (2010-2019) and percentage of alcohol use (p=0.011; r=0.957), percentage of cigarette use (p=0.019; r=0.936) and crude mortality rate in men (2019) (p=0.005; r=0.97). It was found that most cases (74%) take more than 60 days to start treatment. Conclusion: Although alcohol and tobacco use are risk factors for oral cancer, the present study showed an increase in cancer mortality and stationary for the risk factors analyzed. The beginning of the treatment was over 60 days after diagnosis

Introducción: El cáncer oral todavía se destaca como un problema de salud pública preocupante. Objetivo: Verificar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer bucal por región brasileña y factores de riesgo, evaluando el intervalo de tiempo entre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Método: Estudio con datos secundarios de DATASUS (tasa de mortalidad y tiempo de tratamiento) y Vigitel (consumo de alcohol y cigarrillos). Se realizaron análisis de series de tiempo y correlaciones entre las tasas de mortalidad (2010-2019) y el consumo de alcohol y cigarrillos (2010-2019) para los mayores de 40 años. También se realizó un análisis descriptivo del tiempo transcurrido entre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Resultados: Hubo un incremento en la tendencia al cáncer bucal por región y sexo, con predominio del sexo masculino. El cambio porcentual anual (APV) de la ingesta de alcohol y el consumo de cigarrillos se consideró estacionario en la mayoría de las regiones analizadas. Al correlacionar las variables, hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa para tasa de mortalidad en hombres (2010- 2019) y porcentaje de consumo de alcohol para hombres (p=0,011; r=0,957), porcentaje de consumo de cigarrillos en hombres (p=0,019; r=0,936) y tasa bruta de mortalidad en hombres (2019) (p=0,005; r=0,97). Se encontró que la mayoría de los casos (74%) demoran más de 60 días en comenzar el tratamiento. Conclusión: Aunque el consumo de alcohol y el tabaquismo son factores de riesgo para el cáncer oral, el presente estudio mostró un aumento en la mortalidad por cáncer y estacionario para los factores de riesgo analizados. Hubo un alto porcentaje de inicio del tratamiento durante 60 días después del diagnóstico

Autopercepción y condición de salud bucal en el anciano / Self-perception of oral health in the elderly and oral health condition

Introducción: Debido al aumento en la esperanza de vida y, en consecuencia, al aumento en el número de personas mayores, la asociación entre los estados de salud se vuelve relevante en términos de salud pública, ya que además de los años vividos, la calidad de vida de estos pacientes es importante. Objetivo: Evaluar la autopercepción y el estado de salud bucal en personas mayores. Métodos: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal (enero-julio del 2019) en el que se realizaron cuestionarios GOHAI (índice de evaluación de la salud oral geriátrica) y el cuestionario sobre el tipo, el tiempo de uso y la limpieza de las prótesis dentales, el cáncer oral y los datos socioeconómicos. La presencia de posibles lesiones orales también se evaluó mediante examen clínico. Los sujetos incluidos en la muestra eran ancianos (60 años o más) que asistían a las unidades de salud de Aracaju. Resultados: Participaron 55 mujeres y ocho hombres. Al evaluar el índice de evaluación de la salud oral geriátrica, se verificó que el 47,6 por ciento de la muestra tenía una mala percepción de la salud oral. Se encontraron asociaciones entre el índice de evaluación de la salud oral geriátrica entre la última visita al dentista, la adaptación de la prótesis dental y las heridas bucales (p < 0,05). Las lesiones orales más prevalentes fueron mucosa rojiza o irritada (35,7 por ciento) y eritroplasia (14,2 por ciento) y se detectó que el 76 por ciento de las prótesis tenían grietas o suciedad. El 77,7 por ciento de los participantes en el estudio solo utilizaban dentífrico como material de limpieza de la prótesis. Conclusión: La salud bucal autopercibida y las condiciones de salud bucal de los ancianos evaluados se consideraron deficientes, se observa la presencia de prótesis mal adaptadas y agrietadas, además de mucositis(AU)

Introduction: due to the increase in life expectancy and, consequently, to the increase in the number of elderly people, the association between health states becomes relevant in terms of public health, since in addition to the lived years the quality of life of these patients is important. Objective: evaluate the self-perception of oral health and check the oral health condition of the elderly. Methods: observational cross-sectional study (January to July / 2019) in which questionnaires were the GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) questionnaire and questionnaire about type, time of use and cleaning of dental prostheses, oral cancer and socioeconomic data. The presence of possible oral lesions was also assessed by clinical examination. The subjects included in the sample were elderly (60 years or older) attending the Aracaju Health Units. Results: fifty-five were female and eight male. When evaluating the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index, it is verified that 47.6 percent of the sample has poor self-perception of oral health. Associations were found between GOHAI Index for last visit to the dentist, dental prosthesis adaptation and mouth wound (p < 0.05). The most prevalent oral lesions were reddish or irritated mucosa (35.7 percent), followed by erythroplakia (14.2 percent), 76 percent of the prostheses had cracks or dirt. About the cleaning of the protests, 77.7 percent use only dentifrice as cleaning material. Conclusion: self-perceived oral health and oral health conditions of the elderly evaluated were considered poor, in the presence of poorly adapted and cracked prostheses, in addition to mucositis(AU)

Neurological manifestations and pathophysiological mechanisms of Covid-19

Background - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is a novel, highly infectious coronavirus and the etiologic agent of Covid-19. The course of Covid-19 can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe, life-threateningsymptoms, especially when comorbidities are present. Increasing studies have reinforced the association between SARS-CoV-2 and various neurological manifestations, although the pathophysiological mechanisms remain uncertain. Objective - The aim of this paper was to briefly describe current findings on the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and major CNS and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) manifestations.Methods and Material - This work consists of a literature review based on the study of academic papers. To this end, the Pubmed platform was used to search for scientific articles, using the keywords: covid-19, coronavirus, physiopathology, neuronal symptoms. Results - out of 114,660 articles found, 94 were selected for this review. Conclusions - Periodic reviews collaborate in the constant updating and summarization of findings. Understanding the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 on the SN and the link between the systems may lead to earlier and earlier diagnoses of neurological involvement, guide therapeutic management, prevent sequelae, and preserve lives(AU)

Effect of Human Development Index and other socioeconomic factors on mortality-to-incidence ratio of lips and oral cavity cancer in Mexican states: an ecological study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between the Human Development Index (HDI) and covariates on the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of lips and oral cavity cancer (LOCC) in Mexico. DESIGN: Ecological study. SETTING: Data from 32 Mexican states for year 2019. PARTICIPANTS: Data set of male and female populations from Mexico. EXPOSURES: Socioeconomic conditions based on HDI and covariates related to healthcare system capacity (total health spending per capita, school dropout and ratio of medical personnel in direct contact with patients). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: MIR of LOCC by state and sex was calculated from the Global Burden of Disease Study website for year 2019. Data for calculating HDI 2019 by state and covariates were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. A multiple regression model was constructed to measure the effects of HDI and covariates on LOCC-MIR. RESULTS: Among the states with the highest HDI (>0.780), Colima had the highest aged-standardised rates per 100.000 in men for incidence (5.026) and mortality (3.118). The greatest burden of the disease was found on men, with the highest Men:Women MIR in Colima (3.10) and Baja California Sur (2.73). The highest MIR (>0.65) was found among the states with the lowest HDI (Oaxaca and Chiapas). For each unit of increase of the HDI there was a decrease in the LOCC- MIR of -0.778, controlling for the covariates. The most suitable regression model explained the 57% (F (p): 0.000) of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: Men were most affected by LOCC in Mexican states. The highest MIRs of LOCC were found in the states with the highest HDI. But a worse prognosis of the disease, expressed as a higher MIR, is expected in contexts with lower HDI in the country, even with lower MIRs.

[Effect of risk factor control policies on oral cancer mortality in Latin America]. / Efecto de las políticas de control de factores de riesgo sobre la mortalidad por cáncer oral en América Latina.

OBJECTIVE: Mortality from oral cancer, the prevalence of the main risk factors and the implementation of policies to control current trends and the distribution of data among the countries of Latin America. The objective of this study was to describe the trends of mortality from oral cancer between 2000 and 2017, by sex, in 20 countries in Latin America, and to know the effect of measures to control tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption on the Mortality from oral cancer. METHODS: Ecological study that evaluates the relationship between the rates standardized by the age of cancer by oral sex, the prevalence of tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption, and the implementation of control policies. To calculate the annual percentage change of the rates, the Prais-Winsten regression was used; and the effect of measures of control of risk factors on oral cancer mortality is assessed by Spearman correlations. RESULTS: The greatest decreases in oral cancer mortality were in men in Brazil (APC -7.83, -14.25,-0.93). Mortality from cancer the oral relationship between men and the prevalence of tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption (r = 0.358, r 0.537) (p <0.01), and between the non-implementation of control policies of smoking (r = 0.738) (p= 0.003), the restrictions on the hours and days of sale of alcohol (r = 0.777, p = 0.001), and the states on sponsorship and promotion of alcohol sales (r =0.739 , p =0.040). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of the implementation of control policies is evidenced by a greater relationship with oral cancer mortality in the countries with the least progress in their execution.

OBJETIVO: La mortalidad por cáncer oral, la prevalencia de los principales factores de riesgo y la implementación de las políticas para su control presentan tendencias y distribución desiguales entre los países de América Latina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las tendencias de la mortalidad por cáncer oral entre 2000 y 2017, según sexos, en 20 países de América Latina, y conocer el efecto de las medidas de control del consumo de tabaco y el consumo de alcohol sobre la mortalidad por cáncer oral. METODOS: Estudio ecólogico que evaluó la relación entre las tasas estandarizadas por edad del fallecimiento por cáncer oral según el sexo, la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco y del consumo de alcohol,y la implementación de las políticas de control. Para calcular la variación porcentual de cambio anual de las tasas, se usó la regresión Prais-Winsten; y el efecto de las medidas de control de los factores de riesgo sobre la mortalidad por cáncer oral se evalúo mediante correlaciones de Spearman. RESULTADOS: Los mayores descensos en la mortalidad por cáncer oral fueron en los hombres de Brasil (APC -7,83; -14,25; -0,93). La mortalidad por cáncer oral mostró relación positiva entre hombres y la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco y del consumo de alcohol (r=0,358, r=0,537) (p<0,01), y entre la no implementación de las políticas de control de tabaquismo (r=0,738) (p=0,003), las restricciones en los horarios y días de venta de alcohol (r=0,737, p=0,001), y los reglamentos sobre patrocinio y promoción de venta de alcohol (r=0,739, p=0,040). CONCLUSIONES: El efecto de la implementación de las políticas de control se evidencia en una mayor relación con la mortalidad por cáncer oral en los países con menor avance en su ejecución.

Percepção dos idosos não institucionalizados em relação à saúde bucal / Perception of the non institutionalized elders in relation to oral health

Objetivo ­ Avaliar a autopercepção da saúde bucal e uso de próteses dentárias em idosos não institucionalizados. Métodos ­ Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, utilizando a escala geriátrica da depressão (EGD) abreviada e o índice GOHAI, além de fatores socioeconômicos, sociais e uso de prótese dentária. Participaram do estudo 51 idosos, que participam do projeto "Universidade para a Melhor Idade" promovido pelo Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio de Juazeiro do Norte-CE. Resultados ­ Foram entrevistados 43 idosos do gênero feminino e 8 gênero masculino. Dos entrevistados 66.6 % apresentou índice GOHAI abaixo de 30, ou seja, com autopercepção de saúde bucal ruim. Sobre o índice de depressão geriátrica 88.8% dos entrevistados apresentaram abaixo ou igual a 5, ou seja, não apresentando depressão. Os fatores sócios econômicos e sociais foram associados aos índices, sendo encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa apenas para estado civil quando associado ao GOHAI e renda associado ao EGD. Ao se correlacionar a escala de GOHAI com a EGD (correlação de Pearson, p=0.46) não é encontrado valor significativo estatisticamente. Conclusão ­ A percepção de saúde bucal foi baixa para mais da metade da população dos idosos examinados, contudo a maior parte dos examinados não apresentava depressão

Objective ­ To evaluate the self-perception of oral health and the use of dental prostheses in non-institutionalized elderly. Methods ­ Data were collected through a semi-structured interview, using the index abbreviated EGD (geriatric scale depression) and the GOHAI index. Fifty-one elderly people participated in the study. Theses elderly studied in the program "University for the Best Age" promoted by Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio in Juazeiro do Norte-CE. Results ­ We interviewed, 43 female and 8 male. Of those interviewed, 66.6% presented a GOHAI index below 30, that is, with poor self-perception of oral health. About the index of geriatric depression 88.8% of the respondents presented below or equal to 5 that is, not presenting depression. The socioeconomic and social factors were associated with the indices, and a statistically significant difference was found only for the civil status when associated with GOHAI and income associated with EGD. When correlating the GOHAI scale with EGD (Pearson's correlation, p = 0.46) no statistically significant value was found. Conclusion ­ The perception of oral health was low for more than half the population of the elderly examined, however, the majority of those examined did not present depression

Tendencias de la mortalidad por cáncer oral y el efecto de las políticas públicas de prevención en América Latina / Trends in oral cancer mortality and the effect of preventive policies across Latin America

OBJETIVO: Describir las tendencias de la mortalidad por cáncer oral entre 2000 y 2017 por sexos en 20 países de América Latina, e identificar los efectos de las políticas implementadas para controlar de los factores de riesgo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio ecólogico que evaluó la relación entre las tasas estandarizadas por edad de mortalidad por cáncer oral según el sexo, la prevalencia de tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol y la implementación de las políticas públicas de control. RESULTADOS: Los hombres de Cuba y Brasil muestran las más altas tasas de mortalidad en la región. Los descensos más importantes se presentan en los hombres de Brasil y en las mujeres de Panamá. Son pocas las tendencias al aumento, aunque éstas se evidencian especialmente entre las mujeres. La implementación de las medidas de control de factores de riesgo, en cuanto a tabaco, alcohol, infecciones virales, programas de detección temprana y tratamiento, muestra avances desiguales entre los países. Se observó una mayor relación entre la mortalidad por cáncer oral con el consumo de tabaco en los contextos de menor implementación de las políticas, y el consumo de alcohol en los escenarios de mayor avance. CONCLUSIÓN: La mortalidad por cáncer oral afecta especialmente a los hombres de la región, lo que se puede asociar a la distribución de los factores etiológicos y avances desiguales de los países en la implementación de las medidas preventivas. Se requiere profundizar en investigación subnacional de seguimiento, y fortalecer la prevención y tratamiento con estrategias validas para cada contexto.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the trends in oral cancer mortality between 2000 and 2017 by sex in 20 countries in Latin America, and identify the effects of the policies that were implemented to control associated risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ecological study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between age-standardized rates of oral cancer mortality by sex, the prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption, and the implementation of public control policies. RESULTS: Men in Cuba and Brazil show the highest mortality rates in the region. The most important decreases occurred among Brazilian men and Panamanian women. There are only a few cases of increasing trends, although these are especially evident among women. The implementation of risk factor control measures, in terms of tobacco, alcohol, viral infections, early detection programs and treatment, have progressed unevenly in different countries. A strong relationship was observed between oral cancer mortality and tobacco consumption in countries with limited policy implementation; and with alcohol consumption in countries with advanced implementation. CONCLUSION: Oral cancer mortality especially affects men in the region, which can be associated with the distribution of etiological factors and unequal advances in countries in the implementation of preventive measures. It is necessary to further develop subnational follow-up research and strengthen prevention and treatment measures with valid strategies, adapted for each context.

Efecto de las políticas de control de factores de riesgo sobre la mortalidad por cáncer oral en América Latina / Effect of risk factor control policies on oral cancer mortality in Latin America

OBJETIVO: La mortalidad por cáncer oral, la prevalencia de los principales factores de riesgo y la implementación de las políticas para su control presentan tendencias y distribución desiguales entre los países de América Latina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las tendencias de la mortalidad por cáncer oral entre 2000 y 2017, según sexos, en 20 países de América Latina, y conocer el efecto de las medidas de control del consumo de tabaco y el consumo de alcohol sobre la mortalidad por cáncer oral. MÉTODOS: Estudio ecólogico que evaluó la relación entre las tasas estandarizadas por edad del fallecimiento por cáncer oral según el sexo, la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco y del consumo de alcohol,y la implementación de las políticas de control. Para calcular la variación porcentual de cambio anual de las tasas, se usó la regresión Prais-Winsten; y el efecto de las medidas de control de los factores de riesgo sobre la mortalidad por cáncer oral se evalúo mediante correlaciones de Spearman. RESULTADOS: Los mayores descensos en la mortalidad por cáncer oral fueron en los hombres de Brasil (APC -7,83; -14,25; -0,93). La mortalidad por cáncer oral mostró relación positiva entre hombres y la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco y del consumo de alcohol (r=0,358, r=0,537) (p<0,01), y entre la no implementación de las políticas de control de tabaquismo (r=0,738) (p=0,003), las restricciones en los horarios y días de venta de alcohol (r=0,737, p=0,001), y los reglamentos sobre patrocinio y promoción de venta de alcohol (r=0,739, p=0,040). CONCLUSIONES: El efecto de la implementación de las políticas de control se evidencia en una mayor relación con la mortalidad por cáncer oral en los países con menor avance en su ejecución

OBJECTIVE: Mortality from oral cancer, the prevalence of the main risk factors and the implementation of policies to control current trends and the distribution of data among the countries of Latin America. The objective of this study was to describe the trends of mortality from oral cancer between 2000 and 2017, by sex, in 20 countries in Latin America, and to know the effect of measures to control tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption on the Mortality from oral cancer. METHODS: Ecological study that evaluates the relationship between the rates standardized by the age of cancer by oral sex, the prevalence of tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption, and the implementation of control policies. To calculate the annual percentage change of the rates, the Prais-Winsten regression was used; and the effect of measures of control of risk factors on oral cancer mortality is assessed by Spearman correlations. RESULTS: The greatest decreases in oral cancer mortality were in men in Brazil (APC -7.83, -14.25,-0.93). Mortality from cancer the oral relationship between men and the prevalence of tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption (r = 0.358, r 0.537) (p <0.01), and between the non-implementation of control policies of smoking (r = 0.738) (p= 0.003), the restrictions on the hours and days of sale of alcohol (r = 0.777, p = 0.001), and the states on sponsorship and promotion of alcohol sales (r =0.739 , p =0.040). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of the implementation of control policies is evidenced by a greater relationship with oral cancer mortality in the countries with the least progress in their execution

Report of dental care experience, preventive and restorative, in a riverside community / Relato de experiência de atendimento odontológico, preventivo e restaurador, em uma comunidade ribeirinha

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries, despite having declined in recent years, presents groups considered polarized with highest rate of the disease, among other reasons due to the lack of access to health services. EXPERIENCE REPORT: Description of a dental care experience (preventive, educational and restorative) in children aged 0 to 15 years in a riverside community in the state of Pará. The first visit to the community (February 2014) lasted 3 days and was carried out as an epidemiological survey according to World Health Organization criteria. Educational and preventive activities besides dental treatments were provided to this community. At the second visit (February 2015), again with duration of three days, oral health from this community was reevaluated. Data from the two analyzed periods, distant one year between each analysis, were compared. A total of 34 children aged 1 to 6 years according to the dmft index and 54 children/adolescents aged 7 to 15 years according to the dmft/DMFT index were examined. Statistically significant differences were found in aspects: caries (p=0.03), missing teeth (p=0.04), and filled teeth (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Access to health services associated with educational and preventive activities showed positive results in the visited riverside community.

INTRODUÇÃO: A cárie dentária, apesar de ter tido declínio nos últimos anos, apresenta grupos considerados polarizados nos quais detém os maiores valores da doença, entre outros devido à falta de acesso a serviços de saúde. RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: Descrição de uma experiência de atendimento odontológico (preventivo, educativo e restaurador) em crianças/adolescentes de 0 a 15 anos em uma comunidade ribeirinha do Pará. A primeira visita à comunidade (Fevereiro de 2014) teve duração de três dias e foi um levantamento epidemiológico seguindo critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Foram ainda realizadas atividades educativas e preventivas, além de tratamentos odontológicos nesta comunidade. Na segunda visita (Fevereiro de 2015), novamente com duração de três dias, a condição de saúde bucal desta comunidade foi reavaliada. Os dados dos dois períodos analisados, distando um ano entre cada análise, foram comparados. Foram examinadas 34 crianças de 1 a 6 anos de acordo com o índice ceod e 54 crianças/adolescentes de 7 a 15 anos de acordo com o índice ceod/CPOD. Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante nos aspectos dentes cariados (p=0,03), perdidos (p=0,04) e obturados (p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: O acesso aos serviços de saúde associado a atividades educativas e preventivas demonstrou resultados positivos na comunidade ribeirinha visitada.

Conhecimento de estudantes de Educação Física de Juazeiro do Norte-CE sobre o atendimento emergencial ao trauma dental, avulsãom e reimplante dental / Knowledge of Physical Education students from Juazeiro do Norte-CE about emerrgency care dental trauma, avulsion and dental reimplant

Objetivo ­ Avaliar o conhecimento dos estudantes de graduação em Educação Física do Centro Universitário Doutor Leão Sampaio (UnilLeão), Juazeiro do Norte-CE sobre o atendimento emergencial ao trauma dental. Métodos ­ Foi realizada uma pesquisa transversal junto aos estudantes de graduação de Educação Física, mediante aplicação de um questionário, contendo perguntas sobre idade, gênero, conhecimento sobre primeiros socorros ao traumatismo dental e simulação de casos clínicos de fratura coronária e avulsão e reimplante. Resultados ­ Participaram 120 estudantes, sendo 62% homens e 38% mulheres, dos quais 86% responderam que o tratamento deve ser imediato, 56% reimplantariam o dente no alvéolo, apenas 44% sabiam o que era reimplante dental. Em relação ao acondicionamento do dente, 36% o manteriam em água, 29% em guardanapo, 14% soro fisiológico e 7,5% lavaria no leite. Dos participantes 39% afirmaram não saber o que fazer com o dente avulsionado coberto de sujeira, 20% o escovaria com escova de dente, e 17,5% lavaria em água corrente. Em relação à fratura coronária, 19% procuraria o pedaço do dente e o acondicionaria corretamente. Em relação ao reimplante dental 46% escolheram o reimplante imediato. Conclusão ­ Verificou-se um conhecimento insuficiente sobre o manuseio dos dentes traumatizados, indicando a necessidade de promover campanhas educativas além da inclusão deste tema durante a formação dos profissionais.

Objective ­ To assess the knowledge of Physical Education students of the Centro Universitário Doutor Leão Sampaio (UniLeão), Juazeiro do Norte-CE on emergency care to dental trauma. Methods ­ A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students, by applying a questionnaire containing questions about age, gender, knowledge of first aid to dental trauma and simulation of clinical cases of coronary fracture and avulsion and replantation. Results ­ Participants were 120 students, 62% men and 38% women, of which 86% responded that treatment should be immediately, 56% reimplant the tooth in the dental alveolus, only 44% knew about the technique to dental reimplant. Regarding the preparation of the tooth, 36% responded put on water, 29% put on napkin, 14% put on the saline solution and 7.5% put on milk. Of the participants 39% said they did not know what to do with the tooth avulsed covered in dirt, 20% would use the toothbrush, and 17,5% would use the wash in running water. Regarding coronary fracture, 19% seek for the piece of tooth and kept it properly. Regarding to dental reimplant, 46% chose the immediate reimplantation. Conclusions ­ There was insufficient knowledge about the handling of traumatized teeth, indicating the need to promote educational campaigns and training of professionals about this issue.

Validade da medida indireta relativa à frequência de escovação com dentifrício / Validity of an indirect assessment instrument on the frequency of brushing with toothpaste

O efeito do dentifrício fluoretado na prevenção da cárie dentária aumenta conforme a frequência do seu uso. Essa frequência tem sido estimada em populações por meio de medidas indiretas. Entretanto a validade desse modo de mensuração não é conhecida. O objetivo foi determinar a validade de medidas indiretas da quantidade de dentifrício utilizada, do tamanho da cabeça da escova e da frequência de escovação com dentifrício. Excetuando-se o tamanho da cabeça da escova, os valores relativos à quantidade de creme dental utilizada e à frequência de escovação foram superestimados pela medida indireta. Recomenda-se que as estimativas produzidas por medida indireta semelhante à testada neste estudo sejam consideradas com cautela.

The effect of fluoride dentifrice in the prevention of tooth decay increases with the frequency of use. This frequency has been estimated in populations using indirect instruments, however, their validity is still unknown. This study aimed at determining the validity of indirect instruments related to the amount of dentifrice used, the size of the brush head and the frequency of brushing with toothpaste. Except for the size of the brush head, the values corresponding to the amount of toothpaste used and the frequency of brushing were overrated by the indirect instrument. The estimates obtained using the indirect instrument in this study should be considered with caution.

Avaliação dos tratamentos propostos pelos dentistas em casos de fraturas coronárias / Evaluation of treatments plans for managment of crown fractures proposed by dentists

Introdução: a odontologia prioriza a manutenção e integridade dos dentes na boca e a ocorrência de traumatismos dentais vem dificultando o cumprimento desta meta, uma vez que suas consequências envolvem danos funcionais, estéticos, psicológicos, sociais e terapêuticos, além dos altos custos para a reabilitação e acompanhamento por longos períodos de tempo. Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões dentistas da região metropolitana de Juazeiro do Norte sobre as condutas clínicas baseadas nos planos de tratamentos propostos por estes profissionais sobre fraturas coronárias com ou sem exposição pulpar. Método: a partir de um questionário descritivo, foram abordadas questões referentes ao perfil dos profissionais entrevistados e procedimentos empregados na conduta frente a fraturas coronárias. Setenta e cinco questionários foram devidamente preenchidos, sendo 34 mulheres e 41 homens. Resultados: dos entrevistados 13 relataram nunca terem atendido casos de trauma dental, 26% relataram serem incapazes de tratar todos os casos de traumatismo dentário. E mesmo a maioria tendo formação especializada, grandes dificuldades foram encontradas nos planos de tratamento propostos em relação a fraturas mais complicadas. Discussão: as lesões dentais traumáticas envolvendo tecidos duros e de sustentação podem representar padrões de cicatrização bastante complexos. As lesões traumáticas do tipo fraturas coronárias apresentam um prognóstico favorável para a manutenção da vitalidade pulpar em relação às fraturas coronárias complicadas. As fraturas corono-radiculares com ou sem envolvimento pulpar, foram as que apresentaram mais indicações inadequadas de tratamento, provavelmente por necessitarem de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. Conclusão: considera-se primordial a multidisciplinaridade durante a formação acadêmica do clinico geral, bem como o aperfeiçoamento ao atendimento a pacientes com trauma dental. (AU)

Introduction: Dentistry prioritizes the maintenance and integrity of teeth in the mouth and the occurrence of dental trauma is hampering the achievement of this goal, since its consequences involve functional, aesthetic, psychological, social and therapeutic damage, in addition to high costs for rehabilitation and monitoring for extended periods of time. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of dentists in the metropolitan region of Juazeiro do Norte on the clinical management based on treatment plans proposed by these professionals on crown fractures with or without pulp exposure. Methods: For that, starting from a descriptive questionnaire, some questions regarding the profile of inquired professionals and procedures used in the performance of treatment of crown fractures. Results: Seventy-five questionnaires were fully completed, 34 women and 41 men. Only 13 reported ever having met cases of dental trauma, 26% reported being unable to deal with all cases of dental trauma. And even most having specialized training, great difficulties were encountered in the proposed treatment plans for the most complicated fractures. Discussion: Traumatic injuries involving pulp and periapical tissues can represent very complex healing patterns. The crown fractures have a favorable prognosis for the maintenance of pulpal vitality in relation to coronary complicated fractures. The corono-root fractures with or without pulp involvement, were the ones that had more inadequate treatment, probably because they require a multidisciplinary approach. Conclusion: it is essential for multidisciplinary academic training of general practitioner as well as improving service to patients with dental trauma. (AU)